JWLLP-21 (2016/12): The 21st Joint Workshop on Linguistics and Language Processing

JWLLP-21 (2016/12)
The 21st Joint Workshop on Linguistics and Language Processing
concurrently
The Fourth International Workshop on the Linguistics of Ba
and concurrently
電子情報通信学会思考と言語研究会・早稲田大学情報教育研究所共催研究会

center>Announcements

submission of title and abstract:
If you'd like to give an oral or a poster presentation, register your title, your name and other personal information by 23:00 2016/10/16 Sunday on the IEICE proposal submission web page at
http://www.ieice.org/ken/program/index.php?tgid=TL
If you do not read Japanese or otherwise experience difficulty doing so, please contact event-2013 at decode.waseda.ac.jp by email with your name, affiliation, and the title of your proposed presentation.

Registration:
No fees required for participation. The workshop brochure will cost you around 2,500 to 4,500 yen. If you intend to participate, however, please send a message to event-2013@decode.waseda.ac.jp with your name and affiliation in the body and "JWLLP-21 (2016/12)" in the subject line.

Dates and Venue
- Venue: 8-303/304/305 on the third floor of building 8 in Waseda Campus of Waseda University
  http://www.waseda.jp/top/en/access/waseda-campus

tentative program outline [not finalized and subject to change without prior notice]

day one:
2016/12/16
Friday

13:45-14:10	preparations and registration
14:10-14:20	opening remark Jong-Bok Kim and Yasunari Harada
14:20-14:50	Technological Support for Tourism Using BLE Beacon Atsushi Ito, Hiroyuki Hatano, Mie Sato, Yu Watanabe (Utsunomiya Univ.), Yuko Hiramatsu, Fumihiro Sato (Chuo Univ.), Akira Sasaki (GClue) abstract
14:50-14:55	Q&A and short break
14:55-15:40	[Invited Talk] Why-Stripping in English and Korean: A Direct Interpretation Approach Jong-Bok Kim (Kyung Hee University) abstract and slides
15:40-15:50	Q&A and break
15:50-16:35	[Invited Talk] Toward "Expectation Intelligence": Inspired by Viewpoint of Japanese Expressions Hideyuki Nakashima (Tokyo University) abstract
16:35-16:45	Q&A and break
16:45-17:15	Finding New Attractive Points Using the Beacon Application for Old Traditional Areas: Our experiments in Nikko Yuko Hiramatsu, Fumihiro Sato (Chuo Univ.), Atsushi Ito, Hiroyuki Hatano, Mie Sato, Yu Watanabe (Utsunomiya Univ.), Akira Sasaki (GClue) abstract
17:15-17:45	Rituals and Communication on Ishigaki Island: Discordance over Traditions Makiko Takekuro (Waseda University) abstract
17:45-18:00	Q&A and break
18:00-19:30	JWLLP Business Meeting [closed session for speakers, organizers and designated participants]

day two:
2016/12/17
Saturday

10:00-10:15

preparations and registration

10:15-10:45

日本語のビジネスメールでの状況推測表現に対する受け手の解釈
平松友紀（早稲田大学・院生）
abstract

10:45-11:30

【招待講演】会話とその認知的・社会的環境
高梨克也（京都大学）
abstract

11:30-11:45

Q&A and break

11:45-13:15

lunch and poster

日本語教育学における「標準化」イデオロギーの解明：マルクス主義と記号論の観点から
桒原奈な子（早稲田大学・院生）
abstract

論理的文章における接続表現の機能：使用実態の調査と分析
後藤愛子（早稲田大学・院生）
abstract

プロジェクト合宿を通じた継承語としての日本語学習
坂本樹（早稲田大学・院生）
abstract

意味の使用説とは何か：ウィトゲンシュタイン後期哲学における言語像
徐子程（早稲田大学・院生）
abstract

対面・オンライン混合型英語プレゼンテーション演習
坪田康（京都工繊大学）・工藤由美子（QQE）
abstract

中国語課題達成談話に見られる融合的談話の形成過程
望月雄介（名古屋大学）
abstract

会話表現の口頭練習におけるインタラクションの効果
森下美和（神戸学院大学）
abstract

教室外の日本語学習における映像メディアの役割と可能性再考
梁明粤（早稲田大学・院生）
abstract

ストーリーテリングの習熟過程における命題構造の変化
渡辺知希（早稲田大学・院生）・小磯花絵（国立国語研究所）・菊池英明（早稲田大学）・高松亮（埼玉大学）
abstract

13:15-13:30

break

13:30-14:00

Task Effects on On-line Processing of Linguistic Information during L2 Sentence Comprehension: A Self-Paced Reading Study
Tomoyuki Narumi (HUTE), Ken-ichi Hashimoto (Osaka Kyoiku University), Hiroshi Nakanishi (Tohoku Gakuin University), Hirokazu Yokokawa (Kobe University)
abstract

14:00-14:30

From Twitter to Mainstream Usage: The Electronic Origins of A New Use of "Can" in Colloquial Singapore English
Yingjie Lan (Cambridge University)
abstract

14:30-15:15

[Invited Talk] Politeness by Manifestation: Dynamicity of Honorification in Korean
Jae-Woong Choe (Korea University)
abstract

15:15-15:30

Q&A and break

15:30-16:00

When Introspective Judgments Conflict: A Case Study of Honorification
Sanghoun Song (Incheon National University) & Eunjeong Oh (Sangmyung University)
abstract

16:00-16:30

[Invited Talk] In Search of a Psychologically Realistic Model of Acceptability Judgements: Towards a Better Understanding of How "Context(ual) Effects" Work
Kow Kuroda
abstract

16:30-17:00

Sincerity Condition Revisited: Truth or Dare?
Sachiko Shudo (Waseda University)
abstract

17:00-17:15

Q&A and break

17:15-18:00

[Invited Talk] Collaborative construction of 'BA' in Consensus-building dialogues
Yasuhiro Katagiri (Future University Hakodate)
abstract

18:00-19:30

SIG Thought and Language and Institute for DECODE Business Meeting
[closed session for speakers, organizers and designated participants]

day three:
2016/12/18
Sunday

09:15-09:30	preparations and registration
09:30-10:15	[Invited Talk] How and Why "Personal Pronouns" in East Asian Languages are Different from European Languages: Ba-based Approach Sachiko Ide (Japan Women's University) abstract and slides
10:15-10:30	Q&A and break
10:30-11:15	[Invited Talk] Uncertainty in Language and Thought Noah Goodman (Stanford University) abstract
11:15-11:30	Q&A and break
11:30-12:15	[Invited Talk] Synaesthesia: Language, Thought, Cognition and Culture Chu-Ren Huang (Hongkong Polytechnic University) abstract and slides
12:15-12:30	Q&A break
12:30-13:30	Linguistics of BA Business Meeting [closed meeting for speakers, organizers and designated participants]
13:30-13:45	break
13:45-14:15	プロジェクト合宿を通じた継承語としての日本語学習坂本樹（早稲田大学・院生） abstract
14:15-15:00	【招待講演】言語相対性仮説と日本人論：日本人は母語のせいで科学的思考力が劣っているのか？高野陽太郎（明治大学） abstract
15:00-15:15	Q&A and break
15:15-15:45	オンラインビデオ教材を利用した英語口頭報告活動の実践と評価坪田康（京都工繊大学）・工藤由美子（QQE）・山元龍（EnglishCentral） abstract
15:45-16:15	日本人英語学習者の応答練習における語彙的プライミング：自然なインタラクションにおけるプライミング効果原田康也（早稲田大学）・森下美和（神戸学院大学） abstract
16:15-16:20	closing remark

abstracts

Why-Stripping in English and Korean: A Direct Interpretation Approach, Jong-Bok Kim
The Why-stripping construction consists of why and a remnant but conveys the same propositional content as fully sentential source, inducing form-meaning mismatch. Similar to other ellipsis phenomena such as sluicing, the construction thus allows to unexpress clausal material, but the unexpressed, elided material needs to be recovered in a proper way. This paper discusses two different approaches for the analysis of the why-stripping in English and Korean: ellipsis and direct interpretation approaches. Discussing several key empirical facts, the paper argues for a direct interpretation (DI) approach, couched upon the framework of Construction-based HPSG and an independently motivated theory of dialogue context.
Toward "Expectation Intelligence": Inspired by Viewpoint of Japanese Expressions, Hideyuki Nakashima
The development of Deep Learning methods enabled us to solve several unattacked problems. However, every machine learning methods, whatever it is, has its limitation, problems of overfitting and overgeneralization, which can be reduced but cannot be solved completely. Humans are, of course, known to err in recognition, such as illusion. However, human error tend to be small compared to that of machines.
One of the keys to attack this problem is introduction of top-down expectation. Endo-system view point, typically observed in Japanese expressions, gives us a hint to solve the problem. Endo-system view of research requires a different methodology from exo-system view typically seen in natural sciences. We formalized it as an FNS loop. To-down cognition can also be formalized as an FNS-loop.
Technological Support for Tourism Using BLE Beacon, Atsushi Ito, Hiroyuki Hatano, Mie Sato, Yu Watanabe, Yuko Hiramatsu, Fumihiro Sato & Akira Sasaki
Finding New Attractive Points Using the Beacon Application for Old Traditional Areas: Our experiments in Nikko, Yuko Hiramatsu, Fumihiro Sato, Atsushi Ito, Hiroyuki Hatano, Mie Sato, Yu Watanabe & Akira Sasaki
We can get a large amount of information using mobile phones easily. It is very convenience in our ordinary lives. However, it cannot make us so exciting for traveling. While the provision of information may lessen the anxiety experienced by tourists, the promise of the unexpected makes travel attractive. We developed an application using Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE) beacons that not only provides a guide to a specific location but also makes tourists to feel some unknown and attractive objects exist the area. Our experiments at the Nikko, the world heritage site in Japan, demonstrated the effectiveness of the BLE beacon application.
Rituals and Communication on Ishigaki Island: Discordance over Traditions, Makiko Takekuro
Based on ethnographic fieldwork conducted on Ishigaki Island in Japan's Okinawa Prefecture, this study examines ritual communication in a harvest festival. The study focuses on instances of discursive "discordance," defined as "an implicit conflict" or "a lack of agreement, harmony, and conformity," (Takekuro 2015) regarding how to keep traditions. I attempt to argue the efforts and "responsibility" (Hill and Irvine 1993, Solin and Östman 2016) of community members who struggle with an accelerating loss of regional identity.
日本語のビジネスメールでの状況推測表現に対する受け手の解釈, 平松友紀
本稿の目的は, 送り手により作成された日本語のビジネスメールのどのような表現において, 送り手と受け手間, また受け手と受け手間においても個々の解釈が異なるか, またどのような解釈の異なりが生じていたかを明らかにすることである. 個々に生じた解釈の異なりを明らかにするためには, 送り手と受け手であるコミュニケーション主体の意識までを質的に掘り下げた研究が必要である. そこで, まず送り手によるメール作成・インタビュー調査を行い, 次に受け手によるメールを受けての意識を探るインタビュー調査を行った. インタビューデータは, 送り手と受け手間, また受け手と受け手間において, 異なる解釈が生じたメール文の構成要素に着目し, 分析を行った. その結果, 課題1については, 送り手が, 送り手以外の人物の状況を推測するような「状況推測表現」において, 特に異なる解釈がみられたことが明らかになった. 課題2については, 送り手は, 配慮の意識から「状況推測表現」を用いていたが, 受け手には, 異なる解釈が生じていた. その解釈は, 具体的には「優しい」といったプラスの受け止めがみられた一方, 「失礼」といったマイナスの受け止めなどもみられ, 個別性が高いことが明らかになった.
会話とその認知的・社会的環境, 高梨克也
コミュニケーション研究に関わる多くの関連分野において，近年，多人数・マルチモーダル会話の分析が盛んになりつつあるが，自然な日常生活環境の中での多人数・マルチモーダルインタラクションを体系的に分析するには既存の分析枠組みの拡張も必要となると考えられる．そこで，本稿では，多人数・マルチモーダル会話に伴う認知的・社会的環境の複雑さを捉えるのに有効な，成員カテゴリーと関与配分という分析概念をその理論的背景とともに概観するとともに，これらを用いた分析事例を紹介する．
日本語教育学における「標準化」イデオロギーの解明：マルクス主義と記号論の観点から, 桒原奈な子
日本語教育学において、学習者が晒され続ける「標準化」問題については、先行研究によって僅少ながら機会を得て批判されてきた。その批判はおよそイデオロギーを回避しない、寧ろそれを基点として明晰化されなくてはならないにも関わらず、イデオロギーの理論的性質を包含する解明は現状、決定的に欠如している。それ故先行研究の批判とはそもそも妥当性を獲得しきれないものであると考えられるが、本稿はそうした現状に対する一つの解決へと繋がるものである。即ち、その前提としてマルクス主義的な「物象化」の概念を、更に生成過程として記号論におけるコードの理論を取り上げ、それらに対する批判観点と併せて理論的解明を試みるものである。更に、「標準化」問題のより根源的な展開、つまりそのイデオロギー的側面は当事者として学習者より寧ろ社会における包括的な主体を捉えるものであるとする考察を見据えても、あるいは現実としてのイデオロギーを捉えた先で行われる、権力のうちに拡大する問題、冷笑的に見過ごされる諸課題や日本語教育学における閉鎖的側面を述べる前段階、あるいは土台を示すものとしても、理論的解明は意義を持つものであろう。
論理的文章における接続表現の機能：使用実態の調査と分析, 後藤愛子
日本語において接続表現は，文章作法としての規則性を有するとともに，書き手の判断によって使用されるという恣意性も有している．それゆえ，日本語学習者にとって，接続表現を体系的に学ぶことが難しい．本研究の目的は，論理的文章において，接続表現がどのように用いられているのかを調査することである．特に，接続表現と文章の論理展開の関係を分析する．分析対象は，大学生が書いたレポートや小論文，学術論文，新聞の社説である．
プロジェクト合宿を通じた継承語としての日本語学習, 坂本樹
「長野なみあい国際キャンプ」とは、海外の学校や国内のインターナショナルスクールに通う子どもが、日本語や日本文化などを学ぶため、長野県の浪合で1か月間の合宿を行う取り組みである。本稿ではこの取り組みを継承語としての日本語教育に関する理論に基づいて意味づける。
「長野なみあい国際キャンプ」という取り組みは、「内容と言語の統合」、「複数学年編成による指導アプローチ」、「脈絡のある学習」という点から意義を説明できる。本文では、具体的な事例を挙げて詳述する。上記の3点から「長野なみあい国際キャンプ」という取り組みについて考察したとき、この取り組みが日本語能力だけではなく、思考力や問題解決能力などのさまざまなスキルを育成し、情意面の発達を促していることがわかる。
意味の使用説とは何か：ウィトゲンシュタイン後期哲学における言語像, 徐子程
従来から日本語教育学の研究者は哲学、いわゆる教育実践の現場に貢献できない無用且つ難解な文字遊びだと思われる分野に関しては、興味を滅多に示さない。例えそれはしばしば言語教育の目標だと言われる言語、に関する哲学も同様である。しかし、70年代に、日本語教育学の領域においてウィトゲンシュタイン後期哲学に対する誤読に基づいた皇民化教育を鼓吹する論考も確実に産出されていた。そしてその明らかな誤読に基づいた論考に対して如何に信念的に礼賛または拒否しても、合理的な評価、指摘は未だに存在しない。本稿は、該当論考は如何にウィトゲンシュタインの哲学を誤読し、ないし現在同じ状況も日本語教育学の領域に反複に発生していることを指摘することを目的とはしない。しかしながら、現在日本語教育学の領域において、プラグマティズム的なコミュニケーション重視という流れの原点に遡り、言語に対する認識をより明晰化していく必要があるだろう。本稿はウィトゲンシュタイン後期の『哲学探究』における言語像、いわゆる使用説と呼ばれるコミュニケーション重視または語用論への転回の原点を考察する。または、回避不可能に使用説と緊密に関係する「規則に従う」をも検討していくことにする。
対面・オンライン混合型英語プレゼンテーション演習, 坪田康・工藤由美子

中国語課題達成談話に見られる融合的談話の形成過程, 望月雄介
プレゼンテーション演習では、(1) 数多くの練習を通じて発表に慣れ、自信を持つこと、 (2) 質の高いインタラクションを経験し、プレゼンテーションを楽しめるようになることなどが重要である。大学でプレゼンテーション演習を実施する場合、オーディエンスが他の学生であること、時間的制約により一人ひとりのスピーチの時間が短くなることなどにより (1) と (2) を満たすのは現実的に難しい。スカイプを使い、遠隔地の外国語話者に演習に参加してもらうことで (1) と (2) を満たすような演習を設計した。当日は実践結果とともに報告予定である。
会話表現の口頭練習におけるインタラクションの効果, 森下美和
本研究では、単に文法事項を説明するための例文ではなく、実際のコミュニケーションでも使える例文を作成し、大学1年生を対象に、言語運用を意識したさまざまな練習を行い、その効果について調べた。
教室外の日本語学習における映像メディアの役割と可能性再考, 梁明粤
近年、情報化によって、日本語学習のリソースも多彩になってきた。これまで、日本語学習と映像メデイアの関係性についての分析は、教室内をメインに注目している。しかし、学習者自主的に映像メデイアを利用することが明らかに多い。本稿では、インタビューを通し、学習者が自主的に映像メデイア利用することと日本語学習の関係性を分析し、相互作用を再考する。
ストーリーテリングの習熟過程における命題構造の変化, 渡辺知希・小磯花絵・菊池英明・高松亮
本研究では、ストーリーテリングのスキルを効率よく獲得できる支援方法の開発を目指し、ストーリーテリングの習熟過程の分析及びわかりやすさ印象を評価する実験を行った．分析では、意味のまとまりの単位である命題の構造に着目をした．その結果、ストーリーテリングの習熟により、重要度の低い命題の数が増加することが明らかになった．評価実験では、分析により明らかになった命題構造の特徴を付与した刺激音声を作成し、そのわかりやすさ印象を評価した．その結果、ストーリーテリングにおける重要度の低い命題が、わかりやすさに関わる印象に影響を与えていることが明らかになった．
Task Effects on On-line Processing of Linguistic Information during L2 Sentence Comprehension: A Self-Paced Reading Study, Tomoyuki Narumi, Ken-ichi Hashimoto, Hiroshi Nakanishi & Hirokazu Yokokawa
This study used a self-paced reading paradigm to investigate how learners' on-line processing of linguistic information, including (a) phrase structural rules, and (b) semantic information, differs depending on task types and their proficiencies. Participants were given one of the following three tasks: (1) plausibility judgment, (2) grammaticality judgment, and (3) semantic judgment. Results revealed that although lower proficient learners who performed the grammaticality judgment task detected phrase structural violations, as did higher proficient learners, it took them more time to process the violations when they performed the plausibility judgment task and the semantic judgment task. However, lower proficient learners could identify semantic violations regardless of task types. These results indicate that lower proficient learners do not process syntactic information preferentially unless they pay attention to it.
From Twitter to Mainstream Usage: The Electronic Origins of A New Use of "Can" in Colloquial Singapore English, Yingjie Lan
In Standard English, can functions as a modal auxiliary. However, it has also been documented to have other functions in Colloquial Singapore English (CSE): as a pseudo-tag marker, a sentence-final particle, an adjective, a discourse marker or a single-word response (Hiramoto 2012). In this presentation, I document a new use of can, known as the okay can construction. Interestingly, this construction appears to have first been coined on Twitter, before entering mainstream CSE. Survey data also indicates that this construction entered CSE post-2011, and is still stabilising. As such, I suggest that new linguistic constructions could arise from areas not typically studied in electronic media, such as the use of hashtags.
Politeness by Manifestation: Dynamicity of Honorification in Korean, Jae-Woong Choe
The presentation will focus on some dynamic or changing aspects of Korean honorification and discuss an array of phenomena that pose interesting issues for Korean honorification, or politeness in general. As a way to accommodate the so-called 'exceptions' or 'incorrect-but-authentic usage', we propose a view that the phenomena can be treated as a case of 'construction of context' through the choice of linguistic features. Then we develop a hypothesis called 'politeness by manifestation', which is claimed to be closely related to, but yet distinct from the 'politeness by inference' idea based on politeness principles or maxims (R. Lakoff, G. Leech).
When Introspective Judgments Conflict: A Case Study of Honorification, Sanghoun Song & Eunjeong Oh
Many previous syntactic studies regard honorifics (particularly, in Korean and Japanese) as agreement phenomena just as subject-verb agreement in Indo-European languages. However, there are some counterarguments to this view from the perspective of observing language data as well as establishing a theory of grammar in human language. Several previous studies argue that there exist quite a few counterexamples that show honorifics are not necessarily realized in accordance with agreement. Along this line (i.e. no honorification-as-agreement), the present study provides two pieces of evidence to challenge the view of honorification-as-agreement. First, the present study explores a spoken corpus transcribed into Korean to see whether or not the constituents agree with each other in terms of honorification. Second, the present study conducts acceptability judgment testing to examine whether or not Korean native speakers respond to agreement of honorifics sensitively. These examinations reveal that there are very few empirical findings supporting honorification-as-agreement. Instead, the present study argues that honorification is (i) a matter of acceptability rather than grammaticality and (ii) a matter of tendency rather than restriction. In addition, the current analysis substantiates that honorification operates according to linguists’ expectations only in conversations between speakers and hearers and supports the existence of obligatory honorification.
In Search of a Psychologically Realistic Model of Acceptability Judgements: Towards a Better Understanding of How "Context(ual) Effects" Work, Kow Kuroda
Sincerity Condition Revisited: Truth or Dare?, Sachiko Shudo
Some speech acts, such as apologizing and thanking, involve psychological states of the speaker. The relationships between the speech acts and the corresponding psychological states have been explained under the label of "sincerity condition" (Searle 1969, 1979). The sincerity condition is a condition such that, if the speaker is sincere (IF SS) in doing the speech act, the condition is supposed to be satisfied. In this talk, I will attempt to investigate what is really meant by the sincerity condition. I will particularly focus on that aspect of the sincerity condition that delivers the information that satisfies the sincerity condition with the IF SS condition. Using examples of apology, I will claim that how the prosody in apology signals the sincerity condition and how the hearer judges it involve both natural and non-natural meanings (Grice 1957).
Collaborative construction of 'BA' in Consensus-building dialogues, Yasuhiro Katagiri
Based on an analysis of laboratory-setting story construction task dialogues in Mr. O corpus, which has been collected in a number of languages, including Japanese, English, Chinese, Thai and Arabic, as well as an analysis of real-world dialogue data, we propose a conception of consensus-building processes of dialogue interactions, based on the notion of 'BA': a physical and social situation collaboratively managed by dialogue participants.
How and why "Personal Pronouns" in East Asian Languages are different from European languages: Ba-based Approach, Sachiko Ide
While the use of personal pronouns used according to power and solidarity in European languages is well known (Brown and Gilman 1961), there has been little discussion about the rich varieties of personal pronouns and their use in East Asian languages. The difference between the use of personal pronouns in European languages and those of East Asian languages seems to be fundamental to the use of language. In this presentation, I would like to explore the mechanism of the complex use of multiple East Asian pronouns. The difference is so fundamental that a new frame of thinking called ba-based thinking has to be introduced to cope with this issue.
One of the assumptions of ba-based thinking is dual mode thinking, where the self is seen as consisting of two layers of domain: the domain of the self-centered ego and the domain of place. The domains of places merge like two egg whites merge in a bowl, while domains of self-centered egos remain separated. Speakers of languages with varieties of personal pronouns choose the pronoun appropriate to an interactional setting by negotiating with other participants who share the domain of place. It will be argued that the concept of self in modern scientific thinking that began with de Carte's cogito is not sufficient to explain the mechanism of the use of the rich personal pronouns in East Asian languages.
Uncertainty in Language and Thought, Noah Goodman
Synaesthesia: Language, Thought, Cognition and Culture, Chu-Ren Huang
Linguistic synaesthesia is pervasive but under-studied. Expressions such as "sweet voice", "tall talk", "short-sighted" and "sharp-tongue" are used everyday. And in Chinese, the basic verb 聞 "to smell" for olfractory sense in fact is derived from the auditary sense, as attested by the use of the ear radical 耳. In this paper, I will summarize our recent work on linguistic synaesthesia in Chinese by showing some tendencies that are different from what has been described in past studies in English. In particular, I will discuss that, given the nature of synaesthesia being mapping from one sense domain to another sense domain, whether it can be described as a kind of metaphor (which typically map from concrete to abstract domains based on embodiment); as well as the implications this study may have for both computational studies of figurative language and for neuro-cognitive studies of cross-modal cognitive mapping and its function.
プロジェクト合宿を通じた継承語としての日本語学習, 坂本樹
言語相対性仮説と日本人論：日本人は母語のせいで科学的思考力が劣っているのか？, 高野陽太郎
日本人論（日本文化論）では、「日本語が論理的ではないせいで、日本人はものごとを論理的に考えることが苦手だ」としばしば論じられてきた。アメリカの心理言語学者 Alfred Bloom (1981, 1984) は、言語相対性仮説に基づいて、「日本語と中国語には、印欧語が持つ反事実的条件法と実体化という文法装置が欠けているため、日本人と中国人は科学的思考能力が欧米人に比べて劣っているはずだ」と主張し、その主張を裏づける実験データを公表した。講演者は、その実験には手続き上のミスがあり、そのせいでアメリカの大学生の成績が日本や中国の大学生の成績より高いように見えたのではないかと推測し、この推測が正しいことを実験によって示した。
オンラインビデオ教材を利用した英語口頭報告活動の実践と評価, 坪田康・工藤由美子・山元龍
加速度的にグローバル化が進み，自分とは異なる文化や歴史を持つ人々との議論や対話を通じて，解答のない課題を解決していかなければならない「多文化共生」の時代においては，英語での口頭コミュニケーション能力の獲得が重要である．そのためには練習も必要であるが，外国語を話すことに対する不安の緩和も重要である．Spielmann & Radnofsky (2001)[1]は，「近年の第二言語教育におけるESL/EFLの教員が抱える最大の困難は，不安があまりない，快適な教室環境で，学習者中心の授業をすることである」と述べている．学習者の動機づけを高めるために，オンラインビデオ教材であるEnglishCentralを導入し，教育効果の高い授業の実現を目指した．授業前後でプレテスト，ポストテストし，Versant English テストと，フィリピン人英語講師による動画紹介の評価を行ったところ，双方において大きな改善が見られた．また，学習者へのアンケート結果や個人的な会話からも，英語で話すことに対する不安が減っていることも伺えた．
日本人英語学習者の応答練習における語彙的プライミング：自然なインタラクションにおけるプライミング効果, 原田康也・森下美和
第二言語習得研究では「理解可能な大量のインプットが言語習得を促進する」というインプット仮説 (Krashen, 1980)・「アウトプットが言語運用の自動性を高める」というアウトプット仮説 (Swain, 1985) に加えて「コミュニケーション場面における意味のやりとりが特定の言語形式の習得を促す」というインタラクション仮説 (Long, 1988, 1996) が提唱されてきた。Tomasello (1995) は共同注意 (joint attention) が母語獲得に重要な役割を果たすとし、Pickering and Garrod (2004) は同調理論を提唱している。心理言語学的研究では、言語産出の基底にあるメカニズムを解明するために統語的プライミング（言語処理プロセスにおいて，直前に処理した文と同じ統語構造パターンを用いる傾向；Bock, 1986）を利用した実験が多用されるが、統語的プライミングは、対話の中では、話し手の使用した構文を聞き手も使用する傾向 (Levelt & Kelter, 1982) として現れるため、第二言語・外国語学習者の言語産出における統語構造の学習や統語処理能力の向上に利用できる可能性が指摘されている（McDonough, 2006; Morishita, 2013ほか）。
第一著者は2002年度から継続して、早稲田大学法学部の学生を対象に3人人グループに分け、あらかじめ担当教員が用意して名刺サイズのカードに印刷した質問を一人が読み上げ、別の一人がこれに直ちに答えて、もう一人がタイムキーパーとして回答時間を管理するという練習を毎週繰り返し、その応答を録音・録画してきた。質問に対する回答というのはある意味でプライミング効果が最も現れやすい環境であり、質問に使用した語彙と応答に使用した語彙について比較することで、語彙的プライミングを図ることができるのではないかと予想される。本稿では、こうした予想に基づく研究についていくつかの可能性を示唆する。

short biographical notes of the invited speakers, moderators, organizers and invited participants

Jae-Woong Choe is a professor of Linguistics at Korea University in Seoul. He was President of the Korean Society for Language and Information (1999-2001), served as a Steering Committee member of PACLIC (2005-2012), and was a JSPS fellow (2015). His areas of interest include Theoretical Linguistics, mainly on Semantics and Pragmatics, and Computational and Statistical Linguistics.
http://faculty.korea.ac.kr/jchoe
Sanghoun Song,
Jong-Bok Kim, Professor at School of English, Director of Institute for the Stdudy of Language and Information and Dean at College of Humanities, Kyung Hee University
http://web.khu.ac.kr/~jongbok/
Yasunari Harada, Professor at Faculty of Law, Associate Dean at School of Law, Director at the Institute for Digital Enhancement of Cognitive Development and researcher at the Institute for the Study of Language and Information, Waseda University and visiting researcher at the Institute for Service Innovation Studies, Meiji University
Yuko Hiramatsu,
Atsushi Ito,
Yasuhiro Katagiri, President of Future University of Hakodate
Mayumi Kawamura is a language annotator, working with Yasunari Harada for the past 10 years on segmentation, transcription and behavioral annotation of Japanese EFL learners' interactional learning activities.
Yingjie Lan is an MPhil Candidate at Department of Theoretical and Applied Linguistics, Faculty of Modern and Medieval Languages, University of Cambridge.
Hideyuki Nakashima, Professor at Tokyo University. Former President of Future University of Hakodate
Jincho Nobuyuki,
Miwa Morishita, Associate Professor at Faculty of Global Communication, Kobe Gakuin University, visiting researcher at the Institute for Digital Enhancement of Cognitive Development, Waseda University and visiting researcher at the Institute for Service Innovation Studies, Meiji University
http://researchmap.jp/read0142634/?lang=english
Sachiko Shudo is Professor of English and Linguistics in Waseda University's Faculty of Law in Tokyo. She obtained her PhD in linguistics from Georgetown University in 1998. Her dissertation, The Presupposition and the Discourse Function of the Japanese Particle mo, was published in Routledge's Outstanding Dissertation in Linguistics Series in 2002. Her main research interests include pragmatic issues involving presupposition. She is currently Principal Investigator for Waseda University Grant for Special Research Projects (Continuing Research) entitled "Politeness-triggered manipulation of pragmatic constraints and its influence on semantic change."
Katsuya Takanashi
Yohtaro Takano
Makiko Takekuro is Associate Professor at the Faculty of Law at Waseda University and Principal Investigator for the Grant-in-Aid for Young Scientists (B) No.24720193, entitled, "A linguistic anthropological analysis of social interaction: The intersection of language, gesture, and environment in Ishigaki." She is editor-in-chief of the proceeding volume (to be published online soon) for the first International Workshop on Linguistics of BA held in December of 2011 at Waseda University.
Hiroaki Yamada graduated from the undergraduate School of Law of Waseda University and is now at the Graduate Schoool of Tokyo Institute of Technology.

電子情報通信学会思考と言語研究会・早稲田大学情報教育研究所共催研究会
A Joint Workshop of SIG TL (Thought and Language) of the Institute of Electronics, Information and Communication Engineers and the Institute for Digital Enhancement of Cognitive Development, Waseda University

Please consult the following web page: http://www.ieice.org/ken/program/index.php?tgs_regid=03b6b9517d271375e884ef2ccf66ce4d1cc839baf46b70600f8e08d52ded7ffb&tgid=IEICE-TL

The 21st Joint Workshop on Linguistics and Language Processing

Topics
- theoretical analysis of linguistic data
- natural language and speech processing by computing machinery
- human sentence processing and cognitive and brain imaging studies
- compilation and analysis of large scale language data
- learner corpora and learning data
Organized and supported in part by:
- Grants-in-Aid Scientific Research (B), 15H03226, Autonomic Mutual Language Learning Process among Japanese Learners of English through Interaction, PI: Yasunari Harada
- Grants-in-Aid for Challenging Exploratory Research, 26580074, Construction of Linguistics of BA: BA and Emergence of Meaning, PI: Yasuhiro Katagiri
Jointly hosted by:
- Institute for the Study of Language and Information, Waseda University
- Institute for Digital Enhancement of Cognitive Development, Waseda University
Co-sponsored by:
- JELES: The English Language Education Society of Japan
- JASLLI: Japanese Association for the Study of Logic, Language and Information (formerly known as Logico-Linguistic Society of Japan)
JWLLP: Joint Workshop on Linguistics and Language Processing
JWLLP-21 is the 21st installment of JWLLP, organized under the auspices of JWLLP Steering Committee. See the web page indicated below:
- http://www.decode.waseda.ac.jp/jwllp/

The Fourth International Workshop on Linguistics of BA

Purpose of the Workshop Series on Linguistics of BA
Context dependence in language use has been studied in a wide range of its manifestations in linguistic phenomena: from anaphora, presupposition, indexicals, personal pronouns, sentence-final particles and other modal expressions, politeness, to common-grounding, repair, register, style or framing. Descriptive concepts and analytical frameworks, such as discourse representation, conversational scoreboard, information state update, contextualization cue, and deictic field, have also been proposed to capture those phenomena in a number of different disciplines approaching language, most notably in semantics/pragmatics, sociolinguistics and linguistic anthropology.

The concept of BA, taken from the Japanese word for 'place' or 'field', has been proposed by Japanese biological and social scientist to provide an abstract conceptual basis on which to capture dynamics in interactive phenomena, such as dynamic order formation in living organisms (Shimizu, 1990), or knowledge creation in business management (Nonaka & Konno, 1998).

When applied to human language use, BA concept emphasizes the significance of the place, both physically and mentally conceived, in which human interactions take place. BA simultaneously works, for the participants, to affect their construals of linguistic acts performed, and to exert normative forces to regulate their linguistic behavior choices committed in the BA. The concept of wakimae (or 'discernment') (Ide, 2006) is an example of BA-sensitive, in contrast to the more conventional face-based, conception of the underlying mechanism of linguistic politeness behaviors, which has proven to be highly successful.

The aim of this workshop series is to provide a venue for researchers who are interested in BA concept to get together to exchange their works, ideas and perspectives, both empirical and theoretical, to deepen our understanding of BA and explore its relationships to our language practices.

September 21st, 2016
Yasuhiro Katagiri
Topics
- linguistics of ba
- context-dependent and/or location-sensitive communication
- emergence of meaning
Organized and supported in part by:
- Grants-in-Aid Scientific Research (B), 15H03226, Autonomic Mutual Language Learning Process among Japanese Learners of English through Interaction, PI: Yasunari Harada
- Grants-in-Aid for Challenging Exploratory Research, 26580074, Construction of Linguistics of BA: BA and Emergence of Meaning, PI: Yasuhiro Katagiri
- Grant-in-Aid for Young Scientists (B), 24720193, A linguistic anthropological analysis of social interaction: The intersection of language, gesture, and environment in Ishigaki, PI: Makiko Takekuro
Jointly hosted by:
- Institute for the Study of Language and Information, Waseda University
- Institute for Digital Enhancement of Cognitive Development, Waseda University
related past events
- March 26th Saturday and 27th Sunday, 2016, Waseda University, Tokyo
  The Third International Workshop on Linguistics of BA:
  http://www.decode.waseda.ac.jp/announcement/2016-03-26-27-e.html
- July 4th Saturday and 5th Sunday, 2015, Future University Hakodate, Hokkaido
  The Second International Workshop on Linguistics of BA:
  http://www.decode.waseda.ac.jp/announcement/2015-07-04-05-e.html
- December 10th and 11th, 2011, Waseda University, Tokyo
  An International Workshop on Linguistics of BA:
  http://www.decode.waseda.ac.jp/announcement/2011-12-10-11-j.html
- November 6th, 2010, Tohoku University, Sendai.
  Symposium: Toward a Linguistic Theory of Ba: Semantics and Pragmatics of Ba, a special symposium in in PACLIC 24: The 24th Pacific Asia Conference on Language, Information and Computation:
  http://www.compling.jp/paclic24/speakers.html#symp2

notices

First drafted September 8th, 2015. Last revised December 23rd, 2016. Minor spelling errors amended August 20th, 2019.
The meeting and talks announced in this web page are subject to change without prior notice. The organizers should not be held responsible for any purported or actual damages by prospective participants due to those changes.